e-content

History
7th Std

OUR NATION

INDIA

• Our nation , India has the greatest civilization of the world with a rich cultural  heritage.
• Our nation described as an “Epitome of the world.
• It has varied geographical features, climate, heterogonous cultures, customs, Various languages and faith.
• Yet it has achieved unity and diversity.

Location

• India has bounded by the Himalayan ranges in the north, the India Ocean is in the south, the bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west.
• It has land frontier of about 15,200 kms.
• The length of coastline is 7516.6 kms.

Population and literacy Rate

• The population density of India was 382 Sq.Kms in 2011.
• The population density is the number of people living per square kilometer.
• According to 2011 census the literacy rate has increased to 74.04 %.
• The male and the female literacy rates are 82.14% and 65.46 % respectively.
• The population of India is 1210.2 millions as per 2011 census, in which male population is 623.7 million and the female population is 586.5 million.

The Political Administration

• India is the largest democracy in the world.
• India is a Sovereign Socialistic Secular Democratic Republic with Parliamentary form of Government.
• The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution, which came into force on 26th January 1950.
• Indian Constitution is the lengthiest written Constitution in the world.

The Indian Union comprises of twenty nine States

The Indian Union comprises of Seven Union Territories:

The Parliament

The Union Executive

• The Union Executive consists of the President, the Vice- President, the Prime Minister, the council of Ministers and the Attorney- General of India.
• The President is the head of the Indian union.
• He is the first citizen of India.
• He acts as the symbol of unity, integrity and solidarity of the nation.
• He is elected indirectly.
• A person who is the citizen of India  and not less than 35 years of age can contest the presidential elections.
• All the Higher authorities in the country  especially at the centre are appointed by the President. The Vice- President acts as the President when the President’s post is vacant or discharge his duties.
• The Council of Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

The Union Legislature

• The Union legislature is called the Parliament.
• It consists of the President and the two Houses namely the Lok Sabh ( House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
• Lok Sabha is also called as the Lower House of the Parliament. It consists of members who are mostly directly elected by the people on the basis of Universal Adult Suffrage.
• For election purpose the States and the Union Territories are divided into constituencies. The candidate who secures the maximum votes represents his/her  constituency in the Lok Sabha.
• At Present, there are 545 members in the Lok Sabha which includes two nominated members from the Anglo- Indian community.
• Rajya Sabha is also called as the Upper House of the Parliament.
• The members of Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly.
• At present, there are 250 members in the Rajya Sabha,
• Out of which 238 members are elected indirectly and 12 members who distinguished in the field of Art, Literature, Science and Social Service are nominated by the President.

The State Government:

The State Executive:

• The State Executive consists of the Governor, the Chief Minister, the Council of Ministers and the Advocate- General.
• The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years. He is constitutional head of the state.
• An Indian citizen  above the age of 35 is eligible to be appointed as the Governor.
• The leader of the majority party, who enjoys the confidence of the State Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor.
• The other ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.
• The real powers are vested in the hands of the Chief Minister and the council of Ministers.

State Legislature:

State Judiciary:

The Judiciary:

• The Judiciary is an independent organ.
• The Supreme court of India is the Highest Court in our country.
• It is the guardian of our Constitution.
• It is at New Delhi.
• At Present there are 31 Judges in the Supreme Court including the Chief Justice of India.
• The High Court is the highest court in the state.
• There are 21 High Courts in India, out of which 3 of them are common to two or more States.

The National Symbols of India:

The National Anthem:

• The Indian National Anthem was composed by the great poet Rabindranath Tagore.
• The Orginal song song in Bengali has got five stanzas. Only the first stanza has been selected as our National  Anthem.
• The constituent Assembly adopted the National Anthem on 24th January 1950.
• It was first sung on 27th  December 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
• The time duration for singing or playing our National Anthem is approximately 52 Seconds.
• The National Anthem reflects the glory and the greatness of our mother land. It gives the message of tolerance, unity, integrity and patriotism.

The National Song:

• The Song-  Vande Mataram by Bankirmchandra was Published in his book “ Anand Matt” in 1882
• It was first  sung in 1896 by Rabindranath Tagore.

The National Animal:

• Tiger was adopted as the National animal-  the combination of grace, strength, ability and enormous power earned the place of pride as the national animal.

The National Bird:

• The peacock’s beauty and rich feathers indicate the natural beauty of our country.

The National Flower:

• Lotus is noted for its majesty, grandeur, beauty and fragrance. It denotes unity.

The National Tree:

• Banyan tree indicates a strong political structure and the national symbols of our land instill the feeling and thought that all are Indians. We help in the growth of national integration.

Presented by

Salomon. A

17- edh-04